Our Master Test Kit offers 4 essential testing parameters (or we can customize as 6-12 parameters as per the requirements of customer) of pH, Ammonia, Nitrite and Nitrate to help you maintain a balanced and healthy environment for your fish and plant life. Testing the water in your pond should be a regular part of your maintenance routine. Bad water quality will hugely affect the health of the pond and is the cause of many pond and fish problems. Water quality problems are the most common causes of fish stress and disease so should be avoided at all cost. The main tests you’ll need to do regularly are Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate...

H2S Strip Test is ready to use simple device based on hydrogen sulphide indicator bacteria for carrying out bacteriological examination of drinking water. The Hydrogen Sulphide Paper Strip Method. The Hydrogen Sulphide Paper Strip Method is an on site testing method for the microbial quality of drinking water and is based on the detection of hydrogen sulphide producing bacteria rather than the coliform bacteria. Human faeces contain a high concentration of sulphate reducing bacteria of up to 1010/g (Levett, 1993) and some of the enteric bacteria such as Salmonella, Proteus, Citrobacter and some strains of klebsiella, also produce hydrogen sulphide. Sterilized paper strip treated with media is kept in sterilized glass...

Iron is necessary for many vital processes for fish that is an essential co-factor of many enzymes, including biosynthetic pathway of chlorophylls, DNA synthesis, and nitrogen reduction. Iron plays major role in oxygen transfer, electron transport, and cellular respiration with emphasis for the function of haemoglobin in fish. Aquaponics rely on bacteria to convert nutrients, and these microbes' growth requires iron. Iron in bacterial cells affects enzyme performance, metabolic product control, amino acid, pyrimidine biosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and cell composition. The effect of iron supplementation to water in aquaponics on plant yield, fish development, and health is currently slightly known. However, the iron addition to water as ferrous sulphate boosted swordtail...

Many ponds and new ponds hobbyists aren’t aware of GH & KH (or water hardness to put it simply), and as a result don’t understand the vital role it plays in fish health. GH or ‘General Hardness’ refers to the dissolved levels of magnesium and calcium ions in the water, while KH or ‘Carbonate Hardness’ refers to the measure of carbonates and bicarbonates dissolved in the water. It is important to have a good KH in your pond or aquarium in order to keep pH steady and stable for your fish. The KH has a buffering capacity to neutralise nitric acid (produced from the nitrogen cycle). Without KH the water would...

The quantity of base present in water defines what is known as total alkalinity. Common bases found in fish ponds include carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides, phosphates and berates. Carbonates and bicarbonates are the most common and most important components of alkalinity. Alkalinity is measured by the amount of acid (hydrogen ion) water can absorb (buffer) before achieving a designated pH. Total alkalinity is expressed as milligrams per litre or parts per million calcium carbonate (mg/L or ppm CaCO3 ). A total alkalinity of 20 mg/L or more is necessary for good pond productivity. A desirable range of total alkalinity for fish culture is between 75 and 200 mg/L CaCO3. Carbonate-bicarbonate alkalinity (and...

Nitrite enters a fish culture system after feed is digested by fish and the excess nitrogen is converted into ammonia, which is then excreted as waste into the water. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN; NH3 and NH4+) is then converted to nitrite (NO2) which, under normal conditions, is quickly converted to non-toxic nitrate (NO3) by naturally occurring bacteria. Uneaten (wasted) feed and other organic material also break down into ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate in a similar manner. Brown blood disease occurs in fish when water contains high nitrite concentrations. Nitrite enters the bloodstream through the gills and turns the blood to a chocolate-brown color. Haemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood, combines...

High pond nitrate levels are not only problematic for fish. If nitrates are not removed from the pond, they can also cause the build-up of algae. Leading to other pond problems such as blanket weed and green water. Nitrate (NO₃) – nitrite is converted to nitrate (NO₃) by nitrifying bacteria. While nitrate is far less toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms than ammonia and nitrite, it can stunt your fish’s growth and long-term exposure to high levels stresses them and compromises their immune systems. Nitrate is also a major contributor to algae growth. Some tap water sources are high in nitrate, so it is a good idea to test your...

The amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the water is critical for fish and other pond life. The maximum amount of oxygen that can be dissolved is controlled by the water temperature. Warmer water can hold less dissolved oxygen than colder water. In general, most pond water can hold about 10 to 12 mg/L of oxygen. Dissolved oxygen is reduced by the biological decay of organic material such as decaying plants and animals or animal and human wastes. Dissolved oxygen levels below about 6 mg/L can begin to have detrimental effects on pond life. A lack of dissolved oxygen is the most common cause of fish kills in ponds. This...

pH is highly important in water aquaculture as it affects fish growth rate and health. Maintaining optimal pH conditions is crucial for freshwater habitats. Water quality is a key factor in the success of aquaculture operations, and pH plays a significant role in determining the productivity of the production system. The pH value of water is an intensity factor that can influence the biological processes of fish, including growth, survival, reproductive performance, and embryology. Monitoring and controlling pH levels in aquaculture water is essential for maintaining optimum conditions for aquatic animals. The invention of pH value detection devices and methods for aquaculture water has helped overcome challenges such as pH meter...

Ammonia is the major product in the breakdown of proteins in fish. Fish digest the protein in their feed and excrete ammonia through their gills and in their feces. The amount of ammonia excreted by fish varies with the amount of feed put into the pond or culture system, increasing as feeding rates increase. Ammonia also enters the pond from bacterial decomposition of organic matter such as uneaten feed or dead algae and aquatic plants. Ammonia is toxic to fish if allowed to accumulate in fish production systems. When ammonia accumulates to toxic levels, fish can not extract energy from feed efficiently. If the ammonia concentration gets high enough, the fish...